Vol. 6, Issue 1, Part A (2024)

Background: Pigmentary disorders are common dermatological conditions, particularly prevalent in South Asian populations. These disorders, characterized by alterations in melanin production or distribution, pose significant clinical and cosmetic challenges. Understanding the epidemiological and clinical spectrum of pigmentary disorders is crucial for effective management and resource allocation.
Aims: This study aimed to establish the epidemiological and clinical spectrum of pigmentary disorders among Indian individuals attending a dermatology outpatient department at an urban tertiary teaching hospital. The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of various pigmentary disorders, while secondary objectives included evaluating the demographic distribution and clinical presentations of these disorders.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study over a three-month period from June to September 2023. A total of 400 patients attending the dermatology outpatient department were included in the study. Data collection involved obtaining detailed clinical histories, performing dermatological examinations, and recording relevant demographic information. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.0, with categorical variables presented as absolute numbers and percentages, and continuous variables as mean ± SD.
Results: Our findings revealed a high prevalence of pigmentary disorders among Indian individuals, with melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, vitiligo, and pityriasis versicolor being the most commonly encountered conditions. Demographic factors such as age, sex, occupation, sunlight exposure, and family history were found to influence the development and progression of pigmentary disorders. Clinical presentations varied widely, ranging from localized patches of hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation to more diffuse involvement. Dermatoscopic examination proved valuable in aiding diagnosis and guiding management strategies.
Limitations: Several limitations of this study should be acknowledged, including its cross-sectional design, which limits causal inference, and the potential for selection bias inherent in a hospital-based sample. Additionally, the study was conducted at a single center, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to broader populations.
Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the epidemiological and clinical spectrum of pigmentary disorders among Indian individuals. Our findings underscore the need for comprehensive approaches encompassing both clinical management and public health strategies to address the burden of pigmentary disorders effectively. Future research efforts should focus on elucidating underlying mechanisms, exploring novel therapeutic modalities, and evaluating long-term treatment outcomes.